L.D. Manikpuri
The most significant revolution after India’s independence was the adoption of universal adult suffrage for parliamentary and state legislative elections. This marked a momentous occasion in the country’s history, as it extended the right to vote to every citizen aged 21 or above (now lowered to 18), regardless of their social or economic status, provided they were not disqualified under any law. This right to vote was a profound symbol of trust in the Constitution makers and a significant step towards building a robust democracy (Article 326). Article 324 establishes the Election Commission, responsible for supervising, directing, and controlling all elections to Parliament, State Legislatures, the offices of the President and Vice President.
The Journey Begins
Shortly after gaining independence, Indian leaders began preparations for conducting elections, even before any electoral laws were in place. Under the leadership of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, the Drafting Committee worked tirelessly to prepare a draft Constitution, which was eventually passed on November 26, 1949, and came into effect on January 26, 1950. India became a Republic on this day, and the journey towards its first general election began. While India had gained independence on August 15, 1947, it took until 1951 for the first general election to be held. During the interim years, India was a constitutional monarchy under the rule of King George VI, with Louis Mountbatten serving as its Governor-General. It’s important to note that India’s first general election took place between October 25, 1951, and February 21, 1952.
The Formation of the Election Commission
Following the enactment of the Constitution, the Election Commission was established, and the responsibility of conducting elections was entrusted to Sukumar Sen, an Indian civil servant, who became the first Chief Election Commissioner.
The Challenge of a Large Population:
One of the greatest challenges was the sheer size of India’s population, which was approximately 360 million at the time. Nearly 17.3% of the world’s population was eligible to vote in the elections, making it the largest election ever held. The election featured around 1,874 candidates from 53 political parties, including 14 national parties, competing for 489 seats.
Defining the Constituencies:
The delimitation of parliamentary constituencies was based on the census of 1951, and this was no small feat. The logistics of providing education and information to an illiterate population, designing ballot papers and ballot boxes, establishing polling stations, and training polling officials were significant challenges that had to be overcome.
The Importance of Voting
The value of each vote cast in an election cannot be overstated. Just as water is essential for crops, greenery for the environment, and education, healthcare, roads, and electricity for people’s basic needs, voting is crucial for a healthy and strong democracy. The Election Commission, political parties, and the general public all play vital roles in ensuring the integrity and success of elections.
Challenges and Continuous Improvement
The Election Commission has continually worked to address challenges and make improvements. It has consistently updated rules and procedures to make it easier for voters to understand the importance of their vote and exercise their rights.
The success of democracy depends on people exercising their right to vote. To achieve the nation’s and states’ development, it is essential for every voter to cast their ballot. The beauty of Indian democracy lies in the fact that whether one owns an airplane or drives a cart, every citizen has an equal right to vote. Every vote counts, and every vote matters in building a healthy and strong democracy.
( Author is Assistant Public Relations Officer in Chhattishgarh Government )
